When General Motors wanted to boost the fuel economy of its recently released Terrain CUV, they ran into a problem.
The crossover comes equipped with an Ecotec 2.4-liter four-cylinder partnered with a six-speed automatic transmission. GM wanted to eek out another MPG so it equipped the gearbox with an "Eco" button that engages the torque converter at lower engine speeds to reduce fuel consumption. What GM's engineers didn't expect was the low-end racket that filled the cabin.
The solution? Two microphones were embedded in the headliner to listen for the tell-tale hum and when it detects the noise, the audio system counteracts the offending decibels by using the speakers and subwoofer – just like those pricy noise-canceling headphones. Not only does it work when trundling along at city speeds, but it also reduces the racket when motoring on the freeway. While GM isn't the first to employ such a system in its vehicles (Acura's been doing for the last few years), Paul Beaker, the Terrains program engineer, maintains that, "It has strong potential for implementation on other four-cylinder vehicle programs." Geek out on the details in the press release below.
High-End Audio Technology Helps Terrain Get Top MPGs
Noise Cancellation System Also Helps Give GMC Crossover One of the Quietest Interiors
DETROIT – The technology that makes high-end noise-cancelling headphones coveted by frequent flyers and iPod audiophiles is helping GMC Terrain owners save gas.
Active noise cancellation does double duty on Terrain. The technology enables the crossover to deliver a segment-leading EPA-rated 32 mpg in highway driving while ensconcing the driver in one of the quietest interiors in its segment. On the highway, Terrain easily tops the 28-mpg rating of Honda CR-V, Toyota RAV4 and Ford Escape.
"The use of active noise cancellation for fuel economy benefit on Terrain is among the first at GM," said Paul Beaker, program engineering manager for GMC Terrain. "It has strong potential for implementation on other four-cylinder vehicle programs."
When GM engineers set out to deliver segment-leading fuel economy on Terrain they chose to lower the 6-speed transmission's gear shift points to enable the Ecotec 2.4L four-cylinder engine to run at lower rpm torque. In this "Eco" mode, which the driver can activate with a click of a button on the console, the torque converter clutch engages at lower engine speeds to help save gas. While the engineering action improved fuel efficiency by up to one mpg, it also created an objectionable low-end frequency boom. To counteract that boom the engineers turned to active noise cancellation technology.
Terrain's noise cancellation system relies on two microphones embedded in the headliner to detect the hum and prompt an onboard frequency generator to create counteracting sound waves through the audio system's speakers and sub-woofer. The system also reduces higher rpm engine noise at highway cruising speeds to help keep the vehicle interior quiet.
"Terrain measured quieter than the Honda CR-V and Toyota RAV4 in our on-road interior noise tests," said Jim Vallance, noise, vibration and harshness development engineer. "At 70 miles per hour, Terrain's interior is quiet enough to allow conversation in normal tones of voice."
The use of direct injection and variable valve timing also help maximize Terrain's fuel efficiency. In a direct injection engine, fuel is fed straight to the engine's combustion chamber, allowing it to burn more evenly and thoroughly. For the driver, that can translate to better mileage and greater power to the wheels. Variable valve timing eliminates the compromise inherent in conventional fixed valve timing and allows a previously unattainable mix of low-rpm torque – even torque delivery over a broad range of engine speeds – and free-breathing, high-rpm horsepower.
"Terrain doesn't trade efficiency for performance; its direct-injected engine delivers power on demand for a confident driving experience," Beaker said. "And variable valve timing allows the engine to take advantage of late intake valve closing for greater efficiency."
In addition, Terrain uses electric power steering, which does not require engine power to operate like traditional hydraulic power steering and draws electric power only as needed, which improves efficiency and extends component life. Electric power steering systems are relatively compact, help lower vehicle weight, and reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 3.5 percent.
GM engineers also worked closely with tire suppliers to develop low-rolling resistance tires, which typically require less effort to roll forward and minimize wasted energy. Terrain's tires – unlike some low drag tires – was designed to provide good grip on snow and wet pavement while improving fuel economy by more than 1 mpg.
Program engineers improved Terrain's highway fuel economy up to one mpg by reducing aerodynamic drag through the refinement of the front air dam, rocker panel, roof line, outside rear view mirrors and front bumper. By working on clay models in GM's state-of-the-art wind tunnel, the engineers were able to reduce its wind noise to ensure quiet driving.
"Aerodynamic refinement happens by the millimeter. There is a tremendous amount of science behind it and we have decades of knowledge to draw upon," said Justin D'Souza, GM aerodynamic performance engineer. "You can take an outside rear view mirror that worked well on one vehicle, put it on a different vehicle and get a completely different result. The end result has to work well aerodynamically and be true to the vehicle design."
Engineers also minimized the Terrain's curb weight by using lightweight aluminum chassis components and noise reduction materials that weigh less than traditional materials.
"Whether we're lowering gear shift points, reducing wind drag or eliminating engine-driven power steering pumps, it takes laser-like focus on every detail to deliver segment leading fuel economy to our customers," said Dave Poniatowski, product marketing manager for Terrain, which recently earned "Best Buy" recommendations from both Consumer Guide and Consumer Digest.
Noise Cancellation System Also Helps Give GMC Crossover One of the Quietest Interiors
DETROIT – The technology that makes high-end noise-cancelling headphones coveted by frequent flyers and iPod audiophiles is helping GMC Terrain owners save gas.
Active noise cancellation does double duty on Terrain. The technology enables the crossover to deliver a segment-leading EPA-rated 32 mpg in highway driving while ensconcing the driver in one of the quietest interiors in its segment. On the highway, Terrain easily tops the 28-mpg rating of Honda CR-V, Toyota RAV4 and Ford Escape.
"The use of active noise cancellation for fuel economy benefit on Terrain is among the first at GM," said Paul Beaker, program engineering manager for GMC Terrain. "It has strong potential for implementation on other four-cylinder vehicle programs."
When GM engineers set out to deliver segment-leading fuel economy on Terrain they chose to lower the 6-speed transmission's gear shift points to enable the Ecotec 2.4L four-cylinder engine to run at lower rpm torque. In this "Eco" mode, which the driver can activate with a click of a button on the console, the torque converter clutch engages at lower engine speeds to help save gas. While the engineering action improved fuel efficiency by up to one mpg, it also created an objectionable low-end frequency boom. To counteract that boom the engineers turned to active noise cancellation technology.
Terrain's noise cancellation system relies on two microphones embedded in the headliner to detect the hum and prompt an onboard frequency generator to create counteracting sound waves through the audio system's speakers and sub-woofer. The system also reduces higher rpm engine noise at highway cruising speeds to help keep the vehicle interior quiet.
"Terrain measured quieter than the Honda CR-V and Toyota RAV4 in our on-road interior noise tests," said Jim Vallance, noise, vibration and harshness development engineer. "At 70 miles per hour, Terrain's interior is quiet enough to allow conversation in normal tones of voice."
The use of direct injection and variable valve timing also help maximize Terrain's fuel efficiency. In a direct injection engine, fuel is fed straight to the engine's combustion chamber, allowing it to burn more evenly and thoroughly. For the driver, that can translate to better mileage and greater power to the wheels. Variable valve timing eliminates the compromise inherent in conventional fixed valve timing and allows a previously unattainable mix of low-rpm torque – even torque delivery over a broad range of engine speeds – and free-breathing, high-rpm horsepower.
"Terrain doesn't trade efficiency for performance; its direct-injected engine delivers power on demand for a confident driving experience," Beaker said. "And variable valve timing allows the engine to take advantage of late intake valve closing for greater efficiency."
In addition, Terrain uses electric power steering, which does not require engine power to operate like traditional hydraulic power steering and draws electric power only as needed, which improves efficiency and extends component life. Electric power steering systems are relatively compact, help lower vehicle weight, and reduce CO2 emissions by approximately 3.5 percent.
GM engineers also worked closely with tire suppliers to develop low-rolling resistance tires, which typically require less effort to roll forward and minimize wasted energy. Terrain's tires – unlike some low drag tires – was designed to provide good grip on snow and wet pavement while improving fuel economy by more than 1 mpg.
Program engineers improved Terrain's highway fuel economy up to one mpg by reducing aerodynamic drag through the refinement of the front air dam, rocker panel, roof line, outside rear view mirrors and front bumper. By working on clay models in GM's state-of-the-art wind tunnel, the engineers were able to reduce its wind noise to ensure quiet driving.
"Aerodynamic refinement happens by the millimeter. There is a tremendous amount of science behind it and we have decades of knowledge to draw upon," said Justin D'Souza, GM aerodynamic performance engineer. "You can take an outside rear view mirror that worked well on one vehicle, put it on a different vehicle and get a completely different result. The end result has to work well aerodynamically and be true to the vehicle design."
Engineers also minimized the Terrain's curb weight by using lightweight aluminum chassis components and noise reduction materials that weigh less than traditional materials.
"Whether we're lowering gear shift points, reducing wind drag or eliminating engine-driven power steering pumps, it takes laser-like focus on every detail to deliver segment leading fuel economy to our customers," said Dave Poniatowski, product marketing manager for Terrain, which recently earned "Best Buy" recommendations from both Consumer Guide and Consumer Digest.
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